The Fayum (or Fayyûm) portraits were made during the period from the 1st to the 4th century AD, so were painted outside the biblical period, at about the time the Gnostic gospels were written in the 2nd century AD.

Found in Egyptian tombs particularly at the oasis of al-Fayyûm, they showed the head and shoulders of the dead person, and were painted on wooden tablets using tempera or pigments mixed with liquid beeswax then placed on the outer coffin. 

They give a good idea of what wealthy Middle Eastern people looked like a century or so after the death of Jesus.

Strictly speaking, they were painted outside the biblical period, at the time the Gnostic gospels were being written in the 2nd century AD. Gnostic Christian sects had developed their own theology about Jesus, based on the idea that all matter was evil and only things of the spirit were good - which meant, to their way of thinking, that Jesus couldn't really have had a human body (matter) and therefore could not really have died.

See other fascinating links between 
Archaeology and the Bible